Audi (pronounced [ˈʔaʊ̯dɪ ʔaːˈgeː] ( listen)) is a German automobile manufacturer that designs, engineers, produces, markets and distributes luxury vehicles. Audi is a member of the Volkswagen Group and has its roots at Ingolstadt, Bavaria, Germany. Audi-branded vehicles are produced in nine production facilities worldwide.

The origins of the company are complex, going back to the early 20th century and the initial enterprises (Horch and the Audiwerke) founded by engineer August Horch; and two other manufacturers (DKW and Wanderer), leading to the foundation of Auto Union in 1932. The modern era of Audi essentially began in the 1960s when Auto Union was acquired by Volkswagen from Daimler-Benz.^[9] After relaunching the Audi brand with the 1965 introduction of the Audi F103 series, Volkswagen merged Auto Union with NSU Motorenwerke in 1969, thus creating the present day form of the company.

The company name is based on the Latin translation of the surname of the founder, August Horch. “Horch”, meaning “listen” in German, becomes “audi” in Latin. The four rings of the Audi logo each represent one of four car companies that banded together to create Audi’s predecessor company, Auto Union. Audi’s slogan is Vorsprung durch Technik, meaning “Advancement through Technology”. However, since 2007 Audi USA has used the slogan “Truth in Engineering”.^[10] Audi, along with BMW and Mercedes are among the best-selling luxury automobile brands in the world.

History

Originally in 1885, automobile company Wanderer was established, later becoming a branch of Audi AG. Another company, NSU, which also later merged into Audi, was founded during this time, and later supplied the chassis for Gottlieb Daimler‘s four-wheeler.

On 14 November 1899, August Horch (1868–1951) established the company A. Horch & Cie. in the Ehrenfeld district of Cologne. Three years later in 1902 he moved with his company to Reichenbach im Vogtland. On May, 10th, 1904 he founded the August Horch & Cie. Motorwagenwerke AG, a joint-stock company in Zwickau (State of Saxony).

After troubles with Horch chief financial officer, August Horch left Motorwagenwerke and founded in Zwickau on 16 July 1909, his second company, the August Horch Automobilwerke GmbH. His former partners sued him for trademark infringement. The German Reichsgericht (Supreme Court) in Leipzig, eventually determined that the Horch brand belonged to his former company.

Since August Horch was prohibited from using “Horch” as a trade name in his new car business, he called a meeting with close business friends, Paul and Franz Fikentscher from Zwickau, Germany. At the apartment of Franz Fikentscher, they discussed how to come up with a new name for the company. During this meeting, Franz’s son was quietly studying Latin in a corner of the room. Several times he looked like he was on the verge of saying something but would just swallow his words and continue working, until he finally blurted out, “Father – audiatur et altera pars… wouldn’t it be a good idea to call it audi instead of horch?”^[15] “Horch!” in German means “Hark!” or “hear”, which is “Audi” in the singular imperative form of “audire” – “to listen” – in Latin. The idea was enthusiastically accepted by everyone attending the meeting.^[16] On 25 April 1910 the Audi Automobilwerke GmbH Zwickau (from 1915 on Audiwerke AG Zwickau) was entered in the company’s register of Zwickau registration court.

The first Audi automobile, the Audi Type A 10/22 hp (16 kW) Sport-Phaeton, was produced in the same year,^[17] followed by the successor Type B 10/28PS in the same year.^[18]

Audi started with a 2,612 cc inline-four engine model Type A, followed by a 3,564 cc model, as well as 4,680 cc and 5,720 cc models. These cars were successful even in sporting events. The first six-cylinder model Type M, 4,655 cc appeared in 1924.^[19]

August Horch left the Audiwerke in 1920 for a high position at the ministry of transport, but he was still involved with Audi as a member of the board of trustees. In September 1921, Audi became the first German car manufacturer to present a production car, the Audi Type K, with left-handed drive.^[20] Left-hand drive spread and established dominance during the 1920s because it provided a better view of oncoming traffic, making overtaking safer.^[20]

The merger of the four companies under the logo of four rings

Main article: Auto Union

In August 1928, Jørgen Rasmussen, the owner of Dampf-Kraft-Wagen (DKW), acquired the majority of shares in Audiwerke AG.^[21] In the same year, Rasmussen bought the remains of the U.S. automobile manufacturer Rickenbacker, including the manufacturing equipment for eight-cylinder engines. These engines were used in Audi Zwickau and Audi Dresden models that were launched in 1929. At the same time, six-cylinder and four-cylinder (the “four” with a Peugeot engine) models were manufactured. Audi cars of that era were luxurious cars equipped with special bodywork.

In 1932, Audi merged with Horch, DKW, and Wanderer, to form Auto Union AG, Chemnitz. It was during this period that the company offered the Audi Front that became the first European car to combine a six-cylinder engine with front-wheel drive. It used a powertrain shared with the Wanderer, but turned 180-degrees, so that the drive shaft faced the front.

Before World War II, Auto Union used the four interlinked rings that make up the Audi badge today, representing these four brands. This badge was used, however, only on Auto Union racing cars in that period while the member companies used their own names and emblems. The technological development became more and more concentrated and some Audi models were propelled by Horch or Wanderer built engines.

Reflecting the economic pressures of the time, Auto Union concentrated increasingly on smaller cars through the 1930s, so that by 1938 the company’s DKW brand accounted for 17.9% of the German car market, while Audi held only 0.1%. After the final few Audis were delivered in 1939 the “Audi” name disappeared completely from the new car market for more than two decades.

Post-World War II

Like most German manufacturing, at the onset of World War II the Auto Union plants were retooled for military production, and were a target for allied bombing during the war which left them damaged.

Overrun by the Soviet Army in 1945, on the orders of the Soviet Union military administration the factories were dismantled as part of war reparations.^[22] Following this, the company’s entire assets were expropriated without compensation.^[22] On 17 August 1948, Auto Union AG of Chemnitz was deleted from the commercial register.^[21] These actions had the effect of liquidating Germany’s Auto Union AG. The remains of the Audi plant of Zwickau became the VEB (for “People Owned Enterprise”) Automobilwerk Zwickau or AWZ (in English: Automobile Works Zwickau).

With no prospect of continuing production in Soviet controlled East Germany, Auto Union executives began the process of relocating what was left of the company to West Germany. A site was chosen in Ingolstadt, Bavaria to start a spare parts operation in late 1945, which would eventually serve as the headquarters of the reformed Auto Union in 1949.

The former Audi factory in Zwickau restarted assembly of the pre-war-models in 1949. These DKW models were renamed to IFA F8 and IFA F9 and were similar to the West German versions. West and East German models were equipped with the traditional and renowned DKW two-stroke engines. The Zwickau plant manufactured the infamous Trabant until 1991, when it came under Volkswagen control—effectively bringing it under the same umbrella as Audi since 1945.

New Auto Union unit

A new West German headquartered Auto Union was launched in Ingolstadt, Bavaria with loans from the Bavarian state government and Marshall Plan aid.^[22] The reformed company was launched 3 September 1949 and continued DKW’s tradition of producing front-wheel drive vehicles with two-stroke engines.^[22] This included production of a small but sturdy 125 cc motorcycle and a DKW delivery van, the DKW F89 L at Ingolstadt. The Ingolstadt site was large, consisting of an extensive complex of formerly military buildings which was suitable for administration as well as vehicle warehousing and distribution, but at this stage there was at Ingolstadt no dedicated plant suitable for mass production of automobiles: for manufacturing the company’s first post-war mass-market passenger car plant capacity in Düsseldorf was rented from Rheinmetall-Borsig. It was only ten years later, after the company had attracted an investor that funds became available for construction of major car plant at the Ingolstadt head office site.

In 1958, in response to pressure from Friedrich Flick, then their largest single shareholder,^[23] Daimler-Benz took an 87% holding in the Auto Union company, and this was increased to a 100% holding in 1959. However, small two-stroke cars were not the focus of Daimler-Benz’s interests, and while the early 1960s saw major investment in new Mercedes models and in a state of the art factory for Auto Union’s, the company’s aging model range at this time did not benefit from the economic boom of the early 1960s to the same extent as competitor manufacturers such as Volkswagen and Opel. The decision to dispose of the Auto Union business was based on its lack of profitability.^[24] Ironically, by the time they sold the business, it also included a large new factory and near production-ready modern four-stroke engine, which would enable the Auto Union business, under a new owner, to embark on a period of profitable growth, now producing not Auto Unions or DKWs, but using the “Audi” name, resurrected in 1965 after a 25-year gap.

In 1964, Volkswagen acquired a 50% holding in the business, which included the new factory in Ingolstadt, the DKW and Audi brands along with the rights to the new engine design which had been funded by Daimler-Benz, who in return retained the dormant Horch trademark and the Düsseldorf factory which became a Mercedes-Benz van assembly plant. Eighteen months later, Volkswagen bought complete control of Ingolstadt, and by 1966 were using the spare capacity of the Ingolstadt plant to assemble an additional 60,000 Volkswagen Beetles per year.^[25] Two-stroke engines became less popular during the 1960s as customers were more attracted to the smoother four-stroke engines. In September 1965, the DKW F102 was fitted with a four-stroke engine and a facelift for the car’s front and rear. Volkswagen dumped the DKW brand because of its associations with two-stroke technology, and having classified the model internally as the F103, sold it simply as the “Audi.” Later developments of the model were named after their horsepower ratings and sold as the Audi 60, 75, 80, and Super 90, selling until 1972. Initially, Volkswagen was hostile to the idea of Auto Union as a standalone entity producing its own models having acquired the company merely to boost its own production capacity through the Ingolstadt assembly plant – to the point where Volkswagen executives ordered that the Auto Union name and flags bearing the four rings were removed from the factory buildings. Then VW chief Heinz Nordhoff explicitly forbade Auto Union from any further product development. Fearing that the Volkswagen had no long term ambition for the Audi brand, Auto Union engineers under the leadership of Ludwig Kraus developed the first Audi 100 in secret, without Nordhoff’s knowledge. When presented with a finished prototype, Nordhoff was so impressed he authorised the car for production, which when launched in 1968, went on to be a huge success. With this, the resurrection of the Audi brand was now complete, this being followed by the first generation Audi 80 in 1972, which would in turn provide a template for VW’s new front-wheel-drive water-cooled range which debuted from the mid-1970s onward.

Modern era

The new merged company was incorporated on 1 January 1969 and was known as Audi NSU Auto Union AG, with its headquarters based at NSU’s Neckarsulm plant, and saw the emergence of Audi as a separate brand for the first time since the pre-war era. Volkswagen introduced the Audi brand to the United States for the 1970 model year. That same year, the mid-sized car that NSU had been working on, the K70, originally intended to slot between the rear-engined Prinz models and the futuristic NSU Ro 80, was instead launched as a Volkswagen.

After the launch of the Audi 100 of 1968, the Audi 80/Fox (which formed the basis for the 1973 Volkswagen Passat) followed in 1972 and the Audi 50 (later rebadged as the Volkswagen Polo) in 1974. The Audi 50 was a seminal design because it was the first incarnation of the Golf/Polo concept, one that led to a hugely successful world car. Ultimately, the Audi 80 and 100 (progenitors of the A4 and A6, respectively) became the company’s biggest sellers, whilst little investment was made in the fading NSU range; the Prinz models were dropped in 1973 whilst the fatally flawed NSU Ro80 went out of production in 1977, spelling the effective end of the NSU brand. Production of the Audi 100 had been steadily moved from Ingolstadt to Neckarsulm as the 1970s had progressed, any by the appearance of the second generation C2 version in 1976, all production was now at the former NSU plant. Neckarsulm from that point onward would produce Audi’s higher end models.

The Audi image at this time was a conservative one, and so, a proposal from chassis engineer Jörg Bensinger^[26] was accepted to develop the four-wheel drive technology in Volkswagen‘s Iltis military vehicle for an Audi performance car and rally racing car. The performance car, introduced in 1980, was named the “Audi Quattro“, a turbocharged coupé which was also the first German large-scale production vehicle to feature permanent all-wheel drive through a centre differential. Commonly referred to as the “Ur-Quattro” (the “Ur-” prefix is a German augmentative used, in this case, to mean “original” and is also applied to the first generation of Audi’s S4 and S6 Sport Saloons, as in “UrS4” and “UrS6”), few of these vehicles were produced (all hand-built by a single team), but the model was a great success in rallying. Prominent wins proved the viability of all-wheel drive racecars, and the Audi name became associated with advances in automotive technology.

In 1985, with the Auto Union and NSU brands effectively dead, the company’s official name was now shortened to simply Audi AG. At the same time the company’s headquarters moved back to Ingolstadt and two new wholly owned subsidiaries; Auto Union GmbH and NSU GmbH, were formed to own and manage the historical trademarks and intellectual property of the original constituent companies (the exception being Horch, which had been retained by Daimler-Benz after the VW takeover), and to operate Audi’s heritage operations.

In 1986, as the Passat-based Audi 80 was beginning to develop a kind of “grandfather’s car” image, the type 89 was introduced. This completely new development sold extremely well. However, its modern and dynamic exterior belied the low performance of its base engine, and its base package was quite spartan (even the passenger-side mirror was an option.) In 1987, Audi put forward a new and very elegant Audi 90, which had a much superior set of standard features. In the early 1990s, sales began to slump for the Audi 80 series, and some basic construction problems started to surface.

In the early part of the 21st century, Audi set forth on a German racetrack to claim and maintain several world records, such as top speed endurance. This effort was in-line with the company’s heritage from the 1930s racing era Silver Arrows.

Through the early 1990s, Audi began to shift its target market upscale to compete against German automakers Mercedes-Benz and BMW. This began with the release of the Audi V8 in 1990. It was essentially a new engine fitted to the Audi 100/200, but with noticeable bodywork differences. Most obvious was the new grille that was now incorporated in the bonnet.

By 1991, Audi had the four-cylinder Audi 80, the 5-cylinder Audi 90 and Audi 100, the turbocharged Audi 200 and the Audi V8. There was also a coupe version of the 80/90 with both 4- and 5-cylinder engines.

Although the five-cylinder engine was a successful and robust powerplant, it was still a little too different for the target market. With the introduction of an all-new Audi 100 in 1992, Audi introduced a 2.8L V6 engine. This engine was also fitted to a face-lifted Audi 80 (all 80 and 90 models were now badged 80 except for the USA), giving this model a choice of four-, five-, and six-cylinder engines, in Saloon, Coupé and Cabriolet body styles.

The five-cylinder was soon dropped as a major engine choice; however, a turbocharged 230 hp (170 kW) version remained. The engine, initially fitted to the 200 quattro 20V of 1991, was a derivative of the engine fitted to the Sport Quattro. It was fitted to the Audi Coupé, and named the S2 and also to the Audi 100 body, and named the S4. These two models were the beginning of the mass-produced S series of performance cars.

In November 2016, Audi expressed an intention to establish an assembly factory in Pakistan, with the company’s local partner acquiring land for a plant in Korangi Creek Industrial Park in Karachi. Approval of the plan would lead to an investment of $30 million in the new plant.

Audi 5000 unintended acceleration allegations

Sales in the United States fell after a series of recalls from 1982 to 1987 of Audi 5000 models^[28] associated with reported incidents of sudden unintended acceleration linked to six deaths and 700 accidents.^[28] At the time, NHTSA was investigating 50 car models from 20 manufacturers for sudden surges of power.^[29]

A 60 Minutes report aired 23 November 1986,^[30] featuring interviews with six people who had sued Audi after reporting unintended acceleration, showing an Audi 5000 ostensibly suffering a problem when the brake pedal was pushed.^[31]^[32] Subsequent investigation revealed that 60 Minutes had engineered the failure – fitting a canister of compressed air on the passenger-side floor, linked via a hose to a hole drilled into the transmission.

Audi contended, prior to findings by outside investigators,^[29] that the problems were caused by driver error, specifically pedal misapplication.^[29] Subsequently, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) concluded that the majority of unintended acceleration cases, including all the ones that prompted the 60 Minutes report, were caused by driver error such as confusion of pedals.^[33] CBS did not acknowledge the test results of involved government agencies, but did acknowledge the similar results of another study.^[31]

In a review study published in 2012, NHTSA summarized its past findings about the Audi unintended acceleration problems: “Once an unintended acceleration had begun, in the Audi 5000, due to a failure in the idle-stabilizer system (producing an initial acceleration of 0.3g), pedal misapplication resulting from panic, confusion, or unfamiliarity with the Audi 5000 contributed to the severity of the incident.”^[34]

This summary is consistent with the conclusions of NHTSA’s most technical analysis at the time: “Audi idle-stabilization systems were prone to defects which resulted in excessive idle speeds and brief unanticipated accelerations of up to 0.3g [which is similar in magnitude to an emergency stop in a subway car]. These accelerations could not be the sole cause of [(long-duration) sudden acceleration incidents (SAI)], but might have triggered some SAIs by startling the driver.^[35] The defective idle-stabilization system performed a type of electronic throttle control. Significantly: multiple “intermittent malfunctions of the electronic control unit were observed and recorded … and [were also observed and] reported by Transport Canada.”^[35]

With a series of recall campaigns, Audi made several modifications; the first adjusted the distance between the brake and accelerator pedal on automatic-transmission models.^[28] Later repairs, of 250,000 cars dating back to 1978, added a device requiring the driver to press the brake pedal before shifting out of park.^[28] A legacy of the Audi 5000 and other reported cases of sudden unintended acceleration are intricate gear stick patterns and brake interlock mechanisms to prevent inadvertent shifting into forward or reverse. It is unclear how the defects in the idle-stabilization system were addressed.

Audi’s U.S. sales, which had reached 74,061 in 1985, dropped to 12,283 in 1991 and remained level for three years.^[28] – with resale values falling dramatically.^[36]Audi subsequently offered increased warranty protection^[36] and renamed the affected models – with the 5000 becoming the 100 and 200 in 1989^[29] – and only reached the same sales levels again by model year 2000.^[28]

A 2010 BusinessWeek article – outlining possible parallels between Audi’s experience and 2009–2010 Toyota vehicle recalls – noted a class-action lawsuit filed in 1987 by about 7,500 Audi 5000-model owners remains unsettled and is currently being contested in county court in Chicago after appeals at the Illinois state and U.S. federal levels.^[28]

Model introductions

In the mid-to-late 1990s, Audi introduced new technologies including the use of aluminum construction. Produced from 1999 to 2005, the Audi A2 was a futuristic super mini, born from the Al2 concept, with many features that helped regain consumer confidence, like the aluminium space frame, which was a first in production car design. In the A2 Audi further expanded their TDI technology through the use of frugal three-cylinder engines. The A2 was extremely aerodynamic and was designed around a wind tunnel. The Audi A2 was criticised for its high price and was never really a sales success but it planted Audi as a cutting-edge manufacturer. The model, a Mercedes-Benz A-Class competitor, sold relatively well in Europe. However, the A2 was discontinued in 2005 and Audi decided not to develop an immediate replacement.

The next major model change came in 1995 when the Audi A4 replaced the Audi 80. The new nomenclature scheme was applied to the Audi 100 to become the Audi A6 (with a minor facelift). This also meant the S4 became the S6 and a new S4 was introduced in the A4 body. The S2 was discontinued. The Audi Cabriolet continued on (based on the Audi 80 platform) until 1999, gaining the engine upgrades along the way. A new A3 hatchback model (sharing the Volkswagen Golf Mk4‘s platform) was introduced to the range in 1996, and the radical Audi TT coupé and roadster were debuted in 1998 based on the same underpinnings.

The engines available throughout the range were now a 1.4 L, 1.6 L and 1.8 L four-cylinder, 1.8 L four-cylinder turbo, 2.6 L and 2.8 L V6, 2.2 L turbo-charged five-cylinder and the 4.2 L V8 engine. The V6s were replaced by new 2.4 L and 2.8 L 30V V6s in 1998, with marked improvement in power, torque and smoothness. Further engines were added along the way, including a 3.7 L V8 and 6.0 L W12 engine for the A8.

Audi AG today

Audi’s sales grew strongly in the 2000s, with deliveries to customers increasing from 653,000 in 2000 to 1,003,000 in 2008. The largest sales increases came from Eastern Europe (+19.3%), Africa (+17.2%) and the Middle East (+58.5%). China in particular has become a key market, representing 108,000 out of 705,000 cars delivered in the first three quarters of 2009. One factor for its popularity in China is that Audis have become the car of choice for purchase by the Chinese government for officials, and purchases by the government are responsible for 20% of its sales in China.^[37] As of late 2009, Audi’s operating profit of €1.17-billion ($1.85-billion) made it the biggest contributor to parent Volkswagen Group’s nine-month operating profit of €1.5-billion, while the other marques in Group such as Bentley and SEAT had suffered considerable losses.^[38] May 2011 saw record sales for Audi of America with the new Audi A7 and Audi A3 TDI Clean Diesel.^[39] In May 2012, Audi reported a 10% increase in its sales—from 408 units to 480 in the last year alone.^[40]

Audi manufactures vehicles in seven plants around the world, some of which are shared with other VW Group marques^[41] although many sub-assemblies such as engines and transmissions are manufactured within other Volkswagen Group plants.

Audi’s two principal assembly plants are:

Ingolstadt, Opened by Auto Union in 1964, (A3, A4, A5, Q5)
Neckarsulm, Acquired from NSU in 1969 (A4, A6, A7, A8, R8 & all RS variants)

Outside of Germany, Audi produces vehicles at:

Aurangabad, India since 2006
Bratislava, Slovakia, shared with Volkswagen, SEAT, Škoda and Porsche (Q7)
Brussels, Belgium, acquired from Volkswagen in 2007 (A1)
Changchun, China since 1995
Győr, Hungary, (TT and some A3 variants)
Jakarta, Indonesia since 2011
Martorell, Spain shared with SEAT and Volkswagen (Q3)
San José Chiapa, Mexico (Q5)

In September 2012, Audi announced the construction of its first North American manufacturing plant in Puebla, Mexico. This plant is expected to be operative in 2016 and produce the second generation Q5.^[42]

From 2002 up to 2003, Audi headed the Audi Brand Group, a subdivision of the Volkswagen Group’s Automotive Division consisting of Audi, Lamborghini and SEAT, that was focused on sporty values, with the marques’ product vehicles and performance being under the higher responsibility of the Audi brand.

On January 2014, Audi, along with the Wireless Power Consortium, operated a booth which demonstrated a phone compartment using the Qi open interface standard at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES).^[43] In May, most of the Audi dealers in UK falsely claimed that the Audi A7, A8, and R8 were Euro NCAP safety tested, all achieving five out of five stars. In fact none were tested.^[44]

In 2015, Audi admitted that at least 2.1 million Audi cars had been involved in the Volkswagen emissions testing scandal in which software installed in the cars manipulated emissions data to fool regulators and allow the cars to pollute at higher than government-mandated levels. The A1, A3, A4, A5, A6, TT, Q3 and Q5 models were implicated in the scandal.^[45] Audi promised to quickly find a technical solution and upgrade the cars so they can function within emissions regulations.^[46] Ulrich Hackenberg, the head of research and development at Audi, was suspended in relation to the scandal.^[47] Despite widespread media coverage about the scandal through the month of September, Audi reported that U.S. sales for the month had increased by 16.2%.^[48]

In November 2015, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency implicated the 3-liter diesel engine versions of the 2016 Audi A6 Quattro, A7 Quattro, A8, A8L and the Q5 as further models that had emissions regulation defeat-device software installed.^[49] Thus, these models emitted nitrogen oxide at up to nine times the legal limit when the car detected that it was not hooked up to emissions testing equipment.

Concept Car Audi

AUDI AVUS QUATTRO (Tokyo Motor Show 1991) (Revell Die-Cast)

LOOKSMART AUDI A1 Concept

LOOKSMART AUDI A1 E-TRON Concept

LOOKSMART AUDI A1 METROPROJECT 4 STUDIE Concept

LOOKSMART AUDI A1 SPORTBACK Concept STUDIE

LOOKSMART AUDI A2 CADDY SHOWCAR

LOOKSMART AUDI A3 TDI STUDIE

AUDI AVANTISSIMO (IAA Frankfurt 2001) (Minichamps)

AUDI LE MANS QUATTRO (2003) (Minichamps)

AUDI LE MANS QUATTRO (IAA Frankfurt 2003) (Looksmart)

AUDI PIKES PEAK (Detroit Motor Show 2003) (Minichamps)

AUDI Q5 CUSTOM CONCEPT (Wörthersee 2009) (Looksmart)

AUDI Q7 V12 TDI (Detroit Motor Show 2007) (Looksmart)

AUDI R8 E-TRON (Silvretta E-Auto Rallye Montafon 2010) (Looksmart)

AUDI R8 e-tron SPYDER (Pariser Autosalon 2010) (Looksmart)

AUDI E-TRON DETROIT-SHOWCAR STUDIE (Detroit Motor Show 2010) (Looksmart)

AUDI R8 E-TRON CONCEPT STUDIE (IAA Frankfurt 2009)(Looksmart)

AUDI R8 TDI LE MANS KONZEPT STUDIE (Automobilsalon Genf 2008)(Looksmart)

AUDI R8 V12 TDI CONCEPT STUDIE (Detroit Motor Show 2008) (Looksmart)

AUDI ROADJET (Detroit Motor Show 2006) (Looksmart)

AUDI ROSEMEYER (2000) (Ban Seng Models)

AUDI ROSEMEYER (2000) (BBR f. MakeUp Co. Ltd.)

AUDI ROSEMEYER (2000) (Inmocar)

BoS-MODELS AUDI ROSEMEYER 2000

MODEL-K – AUDI – Rosemeyer 2000 Concept

AUDI RSQ ( the movie„I, Robot“, 2004) (Looksmart)

AUDI RSQ white (aus dem Kinofilm „I, Robot“, 2004) (Automodelers)

AUDI SHOOTING BRAKE (Tokyo Motor Show 2005) (Looksmart)

AUDI SPORTBACK CONCEPT A7 (Autoshow Detroit 2009) (Looksmart)

AUDI TT CLUBSPORT (Wörthersee 2007) (Looksmart)

LOOKSMART – AUDI – TT CLUB SPORT TURBO CONCEPT 2015

LOOKSMART – AUDI – TT COUPE SPORTBACK CONCEPT 2015

LOOKSMART – AUDI – TT COUPE SPORT QUATTRO CONCEPT 2015

AUDI QUATTRO SPYDER (IAA Frankfurt 1991)(Alezan)

AUDI QUATTRO SPYDER (IAA Frankfurt 1991) JB-Modellautos

BoS-MODELS – AUDI – QUATTRO SPIDER 1991

LOOKSMART – AUDI – Q6 E-TRON CONCEPT 2016

AUDI CROSS COUPE (Shanghai Auto Show 2007) (Looksmart)

AUDI QUATTRO CONCEPT (Pariser Autosalon 2010) (Looksmart – das Originalmodell aus Paris)

LOOKSMART – AUDI – TT COUPE E-TRON OFFROAD CONCEPT 2015

LOOKSMART – AUDI – RS Q3 CONCEPT 2012

AUDI NUVOLARI QUATTRO STUDIE (Automobilsalon Genf 2003) (Looksmart)

LOOKSMART – AUDI – SPORT QUATTRO CONCEPT FRANKFURT MOTOR SHOW 2013

AUDI STEPPENWOLF (Pariser Autosalon 2000) (Inmocar)

Inmocar Audi Allroad Concept (Detroit Motor Show 1998)

LOOKSMART Audi Allroad Concept

LOOKSMART – AUDI – PROLOGUE ALLROAD CONCEPT 2015

LOOKSMART – AUDI – ALLROAD SHOOTING BREAK CONCEPT 2014

LOOKSMART – AUDI – FLEET SHUTTLE QUATTRO CONCEPT 2013

LOOKSMART – AUDI – NANUK QUATTRO CONCEPT FRANKFURT MOTORSHOW 2013

LOOKSMART – AUDI – QUATTRO CONCEPT CAR PARIS MOTORSHOW 2010

LOOKSMART – AUDI – URBAN CONCEPT

JB Modellautos Audi Al2 IAA 1997 Concept

LOOKSMART – AUDI – AICON CONCEPT 2017

STREET CARS

AUDI – type A

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – TYPE A PHAETON 1910

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – TYPE A CABRIOLET 1910

AUDI – 14/35

NEO SCALE MODELS – AUDI – 14/35 PS TYPE C ALPENSIEGER SPIDER 1914

AUDI – front

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – FRONT 225 ROADSTER 1935

AUDI – 80 gt

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – 80 GT 1972

AUDI – 72

NOREV – AUDI – 72 1965

AUDI – 80 1968

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – 80 VARIANT 1968

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – 80 GTE 1975

KESS-MODEL – AUDI – 80 GLS B1 2S 4-DOOR 1976

SCHUCO – AUDI – 80 GL

AUDI – 200

NEO SCALE MODELS – AUDI – 200 5T 4-DOOR 1980

NEO SCALE MODELS – AUDI – 200T (TYP43) 4-DOOR 1980

DNA COLLECTIBLES – AUDI – 200 20V AVANT SW STATION WAGON 1992

AUDI – quattro

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – QUATTRO SPORT COUPE 2-DOOR 1984

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – QUATTRO 2-DOOR 1980

CORGI – AUDI – QUATTRO COUPE 1981 – FILM – ASHES TO ASHES – GENE HUNT’S

Corgi Audi Quattro 20V Panther

Trofeu Audi Quattro ‘Muleto’

AUDI – 80

GAMA – AUDI – 80 1980

NOREV – AUDI – 80 QUATTRO 1982

NOREV – AUDI – 80 QUATTRO 1985

NEO SCALE MODELS – AUDI – 80 B4 1992

NEO SCALE MODELS – AUDI – 80 AVANT 1993 (B4)

SCHABAK – AUDI – 80 AVANT STATION WAGON 1994

SCHABAK – AUDI – 80 CABRIO 1994

NEO SCALE MODELS – AUDI – 80 CABRIOLET 1994

EMC Pivtorak – Audi RS2 80 Avant 1995

AUDI – COUPE GT

NEO SCALE MODELS – AUDI – COUPE GT 1981

NEO SCALE MODELS – AUDI – COUPE 1994

SCHABAK – AUDI – QUATTRO COUPE 1991

AUDI – V8

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – V8 4-DOOR 1988

SCHABAK – AUDI – V8 4-DOOR 1988

AUDI – A8

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A8 1994

CARARAMA – AUDI – A8 2002

SCHUCO JUNIOR – AUDI – A8 2002

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A8 2002

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A8 2005

KYOSHO – AUDI – A8 TFSI 2010

SCHUCO – AUDI – A8 S8 2011

SCHUCO – AUDI – A8 S8 4-DOOR 2012

SPARK-MODEL – AUDI – A8 2014

NEO SCALE MODELS – AUDI – A8 S8 2014

I-SCALE – AUDI – A8 L LIMOUSINE 2017

AUDI – A7

I-SCALE – AUDI – A7 SPORTBACK 4-DOOR 2017

LOOKSMART – AUDI – A7 SPORTBACK

KYOSHO – AUDI – A7 RS7 SPORTBACK 2014

SPARK-MODEL – AUDI – A7 RS7 SPORTBACK 2014

SCHUCO – AUDI – A7 RS7 SPORTBACK COUPE 4-DOOR 2012

SCHUCO – AUDI – A7 S7 SPORTBACK 2012

KYOSHO – AUDI – A7 SPORTBACK 2010

AUDI – A6

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A6 SALOON 1997

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A6 1998

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A6 2001

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A6 RS6 2002

IXO-MODELS – AUDI – A6 RS6 2003

ALTAYA – AUDI RS6

SCHUCO – AUDI – A6 BERLINE 2004

LOOKSMART – AUDI – A6 4.2 4-DOOR 2004

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A6 2004

HONGWELL – AUDI – A6 3.2 2004 – WITHOUT BOX

SOLIDO – AUDI – A6 2006

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A6 RS6 2008

SCHUCO – AUDI – A6 BERLINE LIMOUSINE 2011

SCHUCO – AUDI – A6 BERLINE 2011

SCHUCO – AUDI – A6 S6 2012

INDUSTRIAL – AUDI – A6 S6 PLUS AVANT 1996

EDICOLA – AUDI – A6 AVANT POLIZIA STRADALE 1996

FP-MODEL – AUDI – A6 2.0 SW POLIZIA STRADALE – POLICE 1996

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A6 AVANT 1999

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A6 ALLROAD QUATTRO 2001

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A6 RS6 AVANT 2002

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A6 AVANT 2004

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A6 AVANT 2005

AUTOART – AUDI – A6 ALLROAD QUATTRO 2005

LOOKSMART – AUDI – A6 ALLROAD 2005

AUTOART – AUDI – A6 ALLROAD QUATTRO 2006

FORDINE – AUDI – A6 POLIZIA STRADALE 2006

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A6 RS6 AVANT 2008

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A6 RS6 AVANT SAFETY CAR 24h LE MANS 2009

SCHUCO – AUDI – A6 AVANT 2011

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A6 AVANT (C7) 2011

KYOSHO – AUDI – A6 ALLROAD QUATTRO 2012

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A6 RS6 AVANT 2012

SCHUCO – AUDI – A6 S6 AVANT 2012

SPARK-MODEL – AUDI – A6 RS6 AVANT 2015

I-SCALE – AUDI – A6 AVANT C8 2018

I-SCALE – AUDI – A6 C8 LIMOUSINE 2018

AUDI – A5 3.2

SCHUCO – AUDI – A5 3.2 QUATTRO COUPE 2007

SCHUCO – AUDI – A5 CABRIOLET 2008

SCHUCO – AUDI – A5 CABRIOLET SOFT-TOP 2008

SCHUCO – AUDI – A5 SPORTBACK 2009

SCHUCO – AUDI – A5 RS5 LE MANS SAFETY CAR 2010

SCHUCO – AUDI – A5 RS5 COUPE 2010

SCHUCO – AUDI – A5 RS5 COUPE DTM SAFETY CAR 2010 J.KASTENHOLZ

SCHUCO – AUDI – A5 S5 SPORTBACK V8T 2011

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A5 RS5 CABRIOLET 2012

NOREV – AUDI – A5 SPORTBACK RESTYLING 2012

NOREV – AUDI – A5 COUPE RESTYLING 2012

NOREV – AUDI – A5 CABRIOLET RESTYLING 2012

NOREV – AUDI – A5 CABRIOLET 2-DOOR 2012

SPARK-MODEL – AUDI – A5 RS5 COUPE 2012

SCHUCO – AUDI – A5 RS5 CABRIOLET 2012

SPARK-MODEL – AUDI – A5 DTM N 2012 PRESS 2012

SPARK-MODEL – AUDI – A5 RS5 COUPE 2012

SPARK-MODEL – AUDI – A5 COUPE 2016

SPARK-MODEL – AUDI – A5 RS5 COUPE 2017

SPARK-MODEL – AUDI – A5 CABRIOLET 2017

AUDI – A4

AAM Boyer – Audi RS2 Avant in blue

Inmocar – Audi RS2 Avant

NEO SCALE MODELS – AUDI – A4 RS2 STATION WAGON 1994

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A4 SALOON 1995

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A4 AVANT 1995

DNA COLLECTIBLES – AUDI – S4 B5 1997

EDICOLA – AUDI – A4 1998

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A4 RS4 AVANT 1999

FP-MODEL – AUDI – A4 AVANT POLIZIA POLSTRADA AUTOBRENNERO – POLICE 1999

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A4 SALOON 1999

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A4 RESTYLING 1999

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A4 2000

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A4 RS4 AVANT 2000

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A4 AVANT 2001

NOREV – AUDI – A4 CABRIOLET 3.2 QUATTRO 2002

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A4 2002

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A4 RS4 AVANT 2002

EDISON GIOCATTOLI – AUDI – A4 CABRIO 2003

EDICOLA – AUDI – A4 CABRIOLET 2003

HONGWELL – AUDI – A4 CABRIOLET 2003 – WITHOUT BOX

NEWRAY – AUDI – A4 SALOON 2004

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A4 2004

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A4 AVANT 2004

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A4 2004 LUXEMBURG POLICE

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A4 RS4 2005

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A4 AVANT 2005

MONDOMOTORS – AUDI – A4 AVANT 4-DOOR POLIZIA 2005

FORDINE – AUDI – A4 2006 POLIZIA STRADALE

LOOKSMART – AUDI – A4 S4 2006

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A4 RS4 AVANT 2006

NOREV – AUDI – A4 CABRIOLET 3.2 QUATTRO 2006

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A4 AVANT 2007

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A4 2007

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A4 AVANT 2008

WELLY – AUDI – A4 2009

SCHUCO – AUDI – A4 ALLROAD SW 2009

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A4 4-DOOR 2011

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A4 AVANT 4-DOOR 2011

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A4 RESTYLING 2012

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A4 RS4 AVANT 2012

SPARK-MODEL – AUDI – A4 2015

SPARK-MODEL – AUDI – A4 AVANT 2015

SPARK-MODEL – AUDI – A4 S4 BERLINE 2016

SPARK-MODEL – AUDI – A4 ALLROAD QUATTRO 2016

SPARK-MODEL – AUDI – A4 S4 AVANT 2016

SPARK-MODEL – AUDI – A4 RS4 AVANT 2017

AUDI – A3

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A3 1995

HONGWELL – AUDI – A3 2-DOOR 1996

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A3 4 DOOR

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A3 1.9 TDi 1999

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A3 2003

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A3 SPORTBACK 2004

NEWRAY – AUDI – A3 SPORTBACK 2004

SCHUCO – AUDI – A3 SPORTBACK 2004

Welly Collection – AUDI A3 Sportback 5 porte

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A3 CABRIOLET 2007

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A3 CABRIOLET 2008

NEWRAY – AUDI – A3 SPORTBACK 2011

RMZ-MODELS – AUDI – A3 RS3 SPORTBACK 2011

LOOKSMART – AUDI – A3 E-TRON SHANGHAI MOTORSHOW 2011

SCHUCO – AUDI – A3 RS3 SPORTBACK 2011

SCHUCO – AUDI – A3 2012

SCHUCO – AUDI – A3 SPORTBACK 4-DOOR 2012

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A3 S3 CABRIOLET 2-DOOR 2013

HERPA – AUDI – A3 CABRIOLET 2-DOOR 2013

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A3 S3 LIMOUSINE 2013

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A3 S3 SPORTBACK 2013

HERPA – AUDI – A3 LIMOUSINE 4-DOOR 2013

SCHUCO – AUDI – A3 LIMOUSINE 4-DOOR 2013

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A3 S3 2-DOOR 2013

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A3 SPORTBACK E-TRON 2014

LOOKSMART – AUDI – A3 CLUBSPORT QUATTRO 2014

SPARK-MODEL – AUDI – A3 RS3 SPORTBACK 2015

I-SCALE – AUDI – A3 RS3 LIMOUSINE 2016

AUDI – A2

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – A2 1999

AUDI – A1

KYOSHO – AUDI – A1 2010

LOOKSMART – AUDI – A1 E-TRON 2010

LOOKSMART – AUDI – A1 RS1 2011

KYOSHO – AUDI – A1 SPORTBACK 4-DOOR 2012

NEO SCALE MODELS – AUDI – A1 S1 QUATTRO SPORTBACK 2014

NEO SCALE MODELS – AUDI – A1 S1 QUATTRO 2014

LOOKSMART – AUDI – A1 E-TRON

LOOKSMART – AUDI – METRO PROJECT

I-SCALE – AUDI – A1 SPORTBACK 2018

PARAGON-MODELS – AUDI – A1 SPORTBACK TFSi EDITION ONE 2018

AUDI – TT I Series

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – TT COUPE 1999

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – TT ROADSTER 1999

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – TT COUPE 2000

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – TT ROADSTER 2000

SOLIDO – AUDI – TT ROADSTER 2004

CARARAMA – AUDI – TT ROADSTER HARD TOP 2004

CARARAMA – AUDI – TT ROADSTER 2004

CARARAMA AUDI TT COUPè

HIGH SPEED – AUDI – TT ROADSTER 2004

AUDI – TT II Series

RMZ – AUDI TTS COUPE’

Motormax – Audi TT Coupe

HIGHSPEED OLIEX – AUDI COUPE TT

CARARAMA OLIEX – – AUDI – TT CABRIOLET

NEWRAY – AUDI – TT COUPE 2005

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – TT CABRIOLET 2006

EDISON GIOCATTOLI – AUDI – TT COUPE 2006

HONGWELL – AUDI – TT CABRIOLET OPEN 2-DOOR 2006

MINICHAMPS – AUDI – TT COUPE 2006

SCHUCO – AUDI – TT ROADSTER 2006

SCHUCO – AUDI – TT 2006

SCHUCO – AUDI – TT COUPE 2006

SOLIDO – AUDI – TT COUPE 2006

NEWRAY – AUDI – TT 2007

SCHUCO – AUDI – TT COUPE 2007

SCHUCO – AUDI – TT SPIDER ROADSTER 2007

CHUCO – AUDI – TT COUPE SAFETY CAR (RACE CONTROL) 24h LE MANS 13-14 JUIN 2009

SCHUCO – AUDI – TT COUPE SAFETY CAR (RACE CONTROL) 24h LE MANS 13-14 JUIN 2009

SCHUCO – AUDI – TT RS COUPE – IAA 2009

SCHUCO – AUDI – TT RS ROADSTER 2009

SCHUCO – AUDI – TT RS COUPE 2009

PROVENCE MOULAGE – AUDI – TTS COUPE 2010

SPARK-MODEL – AUDI – TT RS VLN N 0 PRESENTATION 2011

KYOSHO – AUDI – TT COUPE 2014

I-SCALE – AUDI – TT CABRIOLET 2014

NEO SCALE MODELS – AUDI – TTS COUPE 2014

NEO SCALE MODELS – AUDI – TTS ROADSTER CABRIOLET 2014

SPARK-MODEL – AUDI – TT CUP TEAM AUDI SPORT N 1 PRESS 2015

I-SCALE – AUDI – TT ROADSTER 2016

HERPA – AUDI – TT RS COUPE 2016

AUDI – R8

WELLY – – AUDI – R8 2006

SCHUCO – AUDI – R8 2006

SCHUCO – AUDI – R8 4.2 FSI V8 2007

LOOKSMART – AUDI – R8 V12 TDI DETROIT 2008

LOOKSMART – AUDI – R8 TDI LE MANS MOTOR SHOW GENEVE 2008

SCHUCO – AUDI – R8 DTM SAFETY CAR 2008

SCHUCO – AUDI – R8 V10 COUPE 5.2 QUATTRO 2009

LOOKSMART – AUDI – R8 5.2 FSI V10 E-PERFORMANCE 2009

FLINE – AUDI R8 (MTM)

SCHUCO – AUDI – R8 V10 2009

SCHUCO – AUDI – R8 V10 SAFETY CAR (RACE CONTROL) 24h NURBURGRING 2009

SCHUCO – AUDI – R8 V10 SAFETY CAR (RACE CONTROL) 24h LE MANS 13-14 JUIN 2009

SCHUCO – AUDI – R8 5.2 FSI V10 QUATTRO 2009

SCHUCO – AUDI – SET 2X – AUDI R8 5.2 FSI QUATTRO 2009 + BRUMM AUTO UNION AVUS STROMLINE 1909

SCHUCO – AUDI – R8 GT 5.2 FSI V10 2010

LOOKSMART – AUDI – R8GT 5.2 V10 FSI 2010

SCHUCO – AUDI – R8 V10 SAFETY CAR (RACE CONTROL) 24h LE MANS 2010

SCHUCO – AUDI – R8 GT 5.2 FSI V10 GULF RACING 2010

SCHUCO – AUDI – R8 5.2 FSI V10 SPIDER 2010

SCHUCO – AUDI – R8 GT 5.2 V10 FSI 2010

LOOKSMART – AUDI – R8GT 5.2 V10 FSI 2010

SCHUCO – AUDI – R8 SPIDER 5.2 FSI V10 2011

SCHUCO – AUDI – R8 V10 COUPE 2012

SPARK-MODEL – AUDI – R8 LMS ULTRA N 0 COSTUMER RACING 2012

SPARK-MODEL – AUDI – R8 LMX COUPE 2014

HERPA – AUDI – R8 V10 PLUS COUPE 2015

SPARK-MODEL – AUDI – R8 V10 E-TRON COUPE 2016

HERPA – AUDI – R8 V10 PLUS SPIDER 2016

FRONTIART – AUDI R 8 GT SPIDER

SPARK-MODEL – AUDI – R8 LMS GT4 N 1 NEW YORK PRESENTATION 2017

AUDI – Q2

I-SCALE – AUDI – AUDI Q2 2016

AUDI – Q3

SPARK-MODEL – AUDI – Q3 RS 2015

SCHUCO – AUDI – Q3 RS 4-DOOR 2013

SCHUCO – AUDI – Q3 4-DOOR 2011

AUDI – Q5

SCHUCO – AUDI – Q5 2008

SCHUCO – AUDI – Q5 NOTARZT 2008

SCHUCO – AUDI – Q5 24h LE MANS SAFETY CAR FIRE ENGINE 2010

SCHUCO – AUDI – Q5 4-DOOR MY 2013

SCHUCO – AUDI – SQ5 TDI 2013

I-SCALE – AUDI – Q5 2016

AUDI – Q7

EDISON GIOCATTOLI – AUDI – Q7 V8 4.2 FSI 4X4 2006

HIGH-SPEED SMD – AUDI – Q7 V8 4.2 QUATTRO 2006

HONGWELL – AUDI – Q7 V8 4.2 FSI 4X4 2006

SCHUCO – AUDI – Q7 V8 4.2 FSI 4X4 2006

EDICOLA – AUDI – Q7 2010

SPARK-MODEL – AUDI – Q7 V8 TDI QUATTRO S-LINE 2014

SPARK-MODEL – AUDI – SQ7 2016

LOOKSMART – AUDI – Q7 V12 TDI QUATTRO

NOREV – AUDI – Q8 2018

AUDI – E-TRON

SPARK-MODEL – AUDI – E-TRON 2018